Define Holocaust

Transport trains on Birkenau arrival ramp (#77220)
Date: May 1944
Photo Credit: Yad Vashem Photo Archives, courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives
Photographer: Bernhard Walter



Photo description

Members of the SS "ramp" team take their stations in front of each boxcar of the newly arrived train on the right. On command, they will unbolt all the doors. Due to the unprecedented number of transports destined for the ramp in late spring of 1944, two trains were often alongside simultaneously, with others backed up and waiting for a day or longer.

Relationship to guideline
The trains and SS officials in this photograph represent the systematic and bureaucratic aspects of the Holocaust.  The annihilation of six million Jews by the Nazi regime and their collaborators was a central act of state during World War II.  The Reichsbahn (German state railroad) employed 1.4 million workers, 500,000 of whom were civil servants who allocated personnel, coordinated train schedules, and kept the tracks operating (Berenbaum 112).  When the railroad system was strained by bombing and shortages toward the end of the war, trains carrying Jews continued to run.
 

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